A scientific team, led by R. Ragazzoni (of Arcetri, Italy, and the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany) calculated that infinitesimally small quantum scale variations in spacetime would blur images of galaxies seen over vast intergalactic distances.
Instead,with the use of the Hubble telescope, diffraction patterns for a supernova and a raw image of a second galaxy more than 5 billion light years from Earth, revealed images much sharper than should be possible in quantum scale phenomena generated, as previously supposed.(This research was published in Astrophysical Research - Letters, April 10, 2003)
The implication of Dr. Ragazzoni's experiment, as he concluded, is that the universe is causal. To me, this is one more piece of a jigsaw puzzle that confirms Einstein's view of a fully ordered universe, in contrast with the implication of the quantum theory.


Mendel Sachs
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It is a pleasure to meet another realist who believes in a causal universe – and we should believe this, because reason and science exist, and they require causal connection (so does mathematics!)
However, I hasten to add the subtle distinction between causal (Hume's necessary conexion) and deterministic that requires both a causal connection and complete knowledge of the system.
(I am convinced space is infinite eternal and continuous as one substance existing must be since it cannot be bound by, created by, or contain within it a second substance. And an infinite system of waves in space can never be determined – but it is causally connected!
http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-David-Hume-Philosopher.htm
http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-Free-Will-Determinism.htm